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The united kingdom · 1 Samuel 18–20

David and Jonathan

After the victory over Goliath, the soul of Jonathan, Saul’s son, is bound to the soul of David. He makes a covenant with him and gives him his robe, his sword, his bow, and his belt. But when the women sing, “Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands,” Saul becomes jealous. He tries to pin David to the wall with his spear, then gives him his daughter Michal in marriage, hoping he will die at the hands of the Philistines. Jonathan pleads for his friend; Michal helps him escape through the window. At the new moon, David’s place at the king’s table stays empty: Saul flies into a rage and even hurls his spear at Jonathan. The next day, out in the field, Jonathan shoots an arrow beyond the boy who is with him: it is the agreed signal, and David must flee. The two friends kiss each other and weep, and swear loyalty in the name of the LORD.

What happens

  1. Jonathan makes a covenant with David and gives him his robe 1 Samuel 18:3–4
  2. “Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands” 1 Samuel 18:7–8
  3. Saul tries to pin David to the wall with his spear 1 Samuel 18:10–11
  4. Jonathan pleads David’s cause before his father 1 Samuel 19:4–5
  5. At the new moon feast, Saul hurls his spear at Jonathan 1 Samuel 20:30–33
  6. The signal of the arrows and the tearful farewell 1 Samuel 20:41–42

Who is in this story

The lesson

True friendship is a covenant before God: it rejoices in the other person’s success instead of envying it, and takes risks for him. Jonathan, heir to the throne, steps aside for the one God has chosen, while Saul lets jealousy devour him.

Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul.
1 Samuel 18:3

Quick quiz on this story

Complete the women’s song that makes Saul jealous: “Saul hath slain his thousands, and David …”

What does Jonathan give David when he makes a covenant with him?

How does Michal help David escape Saul’s men?

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